Authored in 1920 by former governor and prominent frontier attorney James H. Hawley, History of Idaho: The Gem of the Mountains is a massive, multi-volume subscription history chronicling the state's rapid evolution from a rugged mining territory into an organized industrial powerhouse. Drawing heavily upon his own political career and pioneer experiences, Hawley weaves a triumphalist narrative that traces the early fur trade and violent frontier conflicts through to the establishment of robust civic and legal institutions. Like many regional histories of the era, the primary text is heavily subsidized by hundreds of flattering biographical sketches of local merchants, ranchers, and politicians, transforming the publication into a commercial vanity project for the state's ruling elite. A keen insight drawn from the work is how the authorship of a former state executive explicitly weaponized the concept of legal order to validate colonial conquest; by framing the violent dispossession of Idaho's Indigenous tribes and the aggressive extraction of natural resources as necessary milestones in the righteous march toward constitutional civilization, Hawley’s narrative effectively uses the veneer of state law to legally absolve the pioneer generation of its systemic ruthlessness.